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Republic of the Union of Myanmar
??????????? ????? ?????????????????; Republic of the Union of Myanmar; ?????????????; Myanmar (Burma)
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?????????	???????????????; 19°45′N 96°6′E? / ?19.750°N 96.100°E
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ISO 3166 ????	MM
Internet TLD	.mm

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↑ ^?.? ^?.? Burma? The World Factbook? U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (27 September 2021)?
↑ The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census- The Union Report: Religion? Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR? 29 March 2018 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 22 March 2020 ???? ????????????
↑ ACT Health Community Profile, pg. 1? Multicultural Health Policy Unit? 11 April 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 22 March 2020 ???? ????????????
↑ Burma? The World Factbook? Central Intelligence Agency? 24 September 2022 ???? ???????????? (Archived 2022 edition)
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023? International Monetary Fund (April 2023)? April 22, 2023 ???? ????????????
↑ GINI index (World Bank estimate)? World Bank? 13 July 2021 ???? ????????????
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↑ O'Reilly, Dougald JW (2007)? Early civilizations of Southeast Asia? United Kingdom: Altamira Press? ISBN 978-0-7591-0279-8?
↑ Lieberman? Victor B. (2003)? Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland? Cambridge University Press? ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7?
↑ Vakulchuk, Roman; Kyaw Kyaw Hlaing; Edward Ziwa Naing; Indra Overland; Beni Suryadi and Sanjayan Velautham (2017). Myanmar's Attractiveness for Investment in the Energy Sector. A Comparative International Perspective. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies (MISIS) Report. p. 8.
↑ Eleven Media? "Income Gap 'world's widest'"? The Nation? 4 September 2013? 23 July 2022 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 15 September 2014?
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↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Steinberg? David I. (2002)? Burma: The State of Myanmar? Georgetown University Press? p. xi? ISBN 978-1-58901-285-1?
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Background Note: Burma? Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs? U.S. Department of State (August 2005)? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
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↑ George Aaron Broadwell? Mon history? Dept. of Anthropology; University at Albany, Albany, NY? 16 November 2018 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Houtman? Gustaaf (1999)? Mental Culture in Burmese Crisis Politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy? ISBN 4-87297-748-3?
↑ The Constitution of the Union of Burma? DVB (1947)? 15 June 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Smith? Martin (1991)? Burma -Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity? London and New Jersey: Zed Books? pp. 42–43?
↑ Aung Zaw? Can Another Asian Fill U Thant’s Shoes??publisher=The Irrawaddy Sep 2006? 11 October 2007 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Fink? Christina (2001)? Living Silence:Burma under Military Rule? ISBN 1-85649-926-X?
↑ PYITHU HLUTTAW ELECTION LAW? State Law and Order Restoration Council? iBiblio.org (2025-08-05)? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Khin Kyaw Han (2025-08-05)? 1990 MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY GENERAL ELECTIONS? National League for Democracy? iBiblio.org? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
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↑ ???????? ????????????????? ?????? 14. S/2007/14 12 January 2007. 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????
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↑ ^??.? ^??.? "Myanmar Election Delivers Another Decisive Win for Aung San Suu Kyi," 1 March 2021 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? . 11 November 2020, The New York Times, retrieved 18 December 2020
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↑ "Myanmar election commission rejects military's fraud claims," 3 February 2021 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? . 29 January 2021, Associated Press, retrieved 28 February 2021
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↑ Regan? Helen? "Chinese factories set on fire in Myanmar in deadliest day since coup"?
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↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? CIA Factbook? 6 October 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 August 2008 ???? ????????????
↑ Dr. Patrick Hesp; et al., eds. (2000)? Geographica’s World Reference? Random House Australia? pp. 738, 741? Explicit use of et al. in: |editor= (??????)
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Than? Mya (2005)? Myanmar in ASEAN: Regional Co-operation Experience? ISBN 981-230-210-7?
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Myanmar’s Forest Law and Rules? BurmaLibrary.org? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ "Flora and Fauna" at Myanmars.net? 14 May 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 August 2008 ???? ????????????
↑ ??????????? ?? ? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????? BBC Burmese (?? ???? ????)? 2025-6-24 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-6-24 ???? ????????????
↑ Administrative divisions? The World Factbook? Central Intelligence Agency (2025-08-05)? 11 September 2007 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Bi Weekly Eleven Journal Vol3 No 43
↑ Phillips? Kimberley (20 February 2021)? The last thing the Myanmar people need is false hope? 23 February 2021 ???? ????????????
↑ "Who's Who in Myanmar's National Unity Government"? The Irrawaddy? 16 April 2021?
↑ McCain? John (2025-08-05)? Crisis in Rangoon? National Review Online? 5 September 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Brad Adams? Statement to the EU Development Committee? Human Rights Watch? 20 June 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Satellite Images Verify Myanmar Forced Relocations, Mounting Military Presence? ScienceMode? 26 February 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ "Internet Filtering in Burma in 2005: A Country Study"? OpenNet Initiative? 4 August 2008 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 19 November 2008?
↑ "Burma bans Google and gmail"? BurmaNet News? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 6 July 2006?
↑ Myanmar: 10th anniversary of military repression? Amnesty International (2025-08-05)? 24 August 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ The Irrawaddy? "Suu Kyi's Detention Extended, Supporters likely to Protest"? The Irrawaddy? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 16 January 2009?
↑ The Irrawaddy? "Opposition Condemns Extension of Suu Kyi's Detention"? The Irrawaddy? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 16 January 2009?
↑ Gamel? Kim? "UN Security Council Puts Burma on Agenda"? The Irrawaddy, 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 16 January 2009?
↑ About Us? ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus? 4 October 2007 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Poon? Khim Shee (2002)? The Political Economy of China-Myanmar Relations: Strategic and Economic Dimensions (PDF)? Ritsumeikan University? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Selth? Andrew (Spring 2002)? Burma and Superpower Rivalries in the Asia-Pacific? Naval War College Review? 13 December 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Burma Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003? United States Library of Congress (2025-08-05)? 25 January 2004 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ The EU’s relations with Burma / Myanmar? European Union? 25 July 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ "Dilemma of dealing with Burma"? BBC News? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Starck? Peter (2025-08-05)? World Military Spending Topped US$1 trillion in 2004? Reuters? Common Dreams NewsCenter? 20 June 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS? 2 April 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 25 June 2012 ???? ????????????
↑ Watkins? Thayer? Political and Economic History of Myanmar (Burma) Economics? San José State University? 26 May 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Stephen Codrington (2005)? Planet geography? Solid Star Press? pp. 559? ISBN 0-9579819-3-7?
↑ List of Least Developed Countries? UN-OHRLLS (2005)? 30 May 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 August 2008 ???? ????????????
↑ Fullbrook? David? "So long US, hello China, India"? Asia Times? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 6 July 2008?
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Challenges to Democratization in Burma (PDF)? International IDEA (November 2001)? 23 July 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Myanmar Country Profile (PDF)? Office on Drugs and Crime 5–6? United Nations (December 2005)? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Myanmar and IRRI 7 September 2005 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? .|21.2 KiB, Facts About Cooperation, International Rice Research Institute. Retrieved on 2025-08-05.
↑ Brown? Ian (2005)? A Colonial Economy In Crisis? Routledge? ISBN 0-415-30580-2?
↑ POPULATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION SECTION (PSIS)? UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific? 13 June 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 August 2008 ???? ????????????
↑ Conflict and Displacement in Karenni: The Need for Considered Responses (PDF)? Burma Ethnic Research Group (May 2000)? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Thailand: The Plight of Burmese Migrant Workers? Amnesty International (2025-08-05)? 23 March 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Myanmar Refugees in South East Asia (PDF)? UNHCR (April 2006)? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Gordon? Raymond G., Jr. (2005)? Languages of Myanmar? SIL International? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Mya Than (1997)? Leo Suryadinata (ed.)? Ethnic Chinese As Southeast Asians? ISBN?
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Gordon? Raymond G., Jr. (2005)? Language Family Trees: Sino-Tibetan? Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition? SIL International? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Gordon? Raymond G., Jr. (2005)? Languages of Myanmar? Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition? SIL International? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Proposal for encoding characters for Myanmar minority languages in the UCS (PDF)? International Organization for Standardization (2025-08-05)? 23 July 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Tsaya (1886)? Myam-ma, the home of the Burman? Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co.? pp. 36–37?
↑ Adult (15+) Literacy Rates and Illiterate Population by Region and Gender for (XLS)? UNESCO Institute of Statistics (April 2006)? 25 June 2007 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Robert I Rotberg, ed. (1998)? Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future?
↑ Thailand Burma Border Consortium (2007)? Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma 2006 Survey? 15 May 2007 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Priestly? Harry? "The Outsiders"? The Irrawaddy? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 19 January 2012?
↑ Samuel Ngun Ling (2003)? The Encounter of Missionary Christianity and Resurgent Buddhism in Post-colonial Myanmar (PDF)? Payap University? 2 March 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ ??????????? ??????????????????? ????????(????)
↑ Ramayana in Myanmar’s heart? Goldenland Pages (2025-08-05)? 29 October 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Temple? R.C. (1906)? The Thirty-seven Nats-A Phase of Spirit-Worship prevailing in Burma?
↑ The Worshipping of Nats — The Special Festival of Mount Popa? 23 June 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 August 2008 ???? ????????????
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Khin Myo Chit (1980)? Flowers and Festivals Round the Burmese Year?
↑ ^???.? ^???.? Shway Yoe (1882)? The Burman — His Life and Notions? New York: Norton Library 1963? pp. 211–216, 317–319?
↑ Martin? Steven? "Burma maintains bygone buildings"? BBC News? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ Scott O'Connor? V. C. (1904)? The Silken East — A Record of Life and Travel in Burma? Scotland 1993: Kiscadale? p. 32?CS1 maint: location (link)
↑ ^???.? ^???.? Kong? Foong Ling (2002)? Food of Asia? Tuttle Publishing? ISBN?
↑ Saw Myat Yin (1990)? Burma? M. Cavendish? ISBN ISBN |isbn= ??????? invalid character ????????? (??????)?
↑ D. N. Jha (2004)? The Myth of the Holy Cow? Verso? ISBN ISBN |isbn= ??????? invalid character ????????? (??????)?
↑ "Get a taste of Myanmar’s national dish"? Indo-Asian News Service? PlanetGuru?
↑ Postcard of Saung Gauk (arched harp)? National Music Museum? University of South Dakota (2025-08-05)? 6 August 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????
↑ "Myanmar worries as rappers upstage traditional xylophones"? Agence France Presse? BurmaNet News? 2025-08-05? 2025-08-05 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 12 December 2007?
↑ Zaw, Aung (March 2004). "Celluloid Disillusions". Irrawaddy 12 (3). ??????????????????????? 13 February 2005 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 28 October 2015 ???? ????????????
↑ ^???.? ^???.? ^???.? ^???.? ^???.? ^???.? Page - 8, 7 Days Daily Newspaper, 26.4.2020

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????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????
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???????????????????? 19 April 2021 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? .
????????????????????? 30 August 2012 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? .
????????????????????????

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??????????? 5 August 2008 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? .
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??????????????? ????????????? 7 August 2008 ? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? .
???????????????????????? - ??????

??????????: 22°N 96°E? / ?22°N 96°E? / 22; 96

[World_Factbook-1] ?.? ^?.? Burma? The World Factbook? U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (27 September 2021)?

[2] The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census- The Union Report: Religion? Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR? 29 March 2018 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 22 March 2020 ???? ????????????

[3] ACT Health Community Profile, pg. 1? Multicultural Health Policy Unit? 11 April 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 22 March 2020 ???? ????????????

[4] Burma? The World Factbook? Central Intelligence Agency? 24 September 2022 ???? ???????????? (Archived 2022 edition)

[IMFWEOMM-5] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023? International Monetary Fund (April 2023)? April 22, 2023 ???? ????????????

[6] GINI index (World Bank estimate)? World Bank? 13 July 2021 ???? ????????????

[HDI-7] Human Development Report 2021/2022 (in en)? United Nations Development Programme (8 September 2022)? 8 September 2022 ???? ????????????

[8] O'Reilly, Dougald JW (2007)? Early civilizations of Southeast Asia? United Kingdom: Altamira Press? ISBN 978-0-7591-0279-8?

[Lieberman-9] Lieberman? Victor B. (2003)? Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland? Cambridge University Press? ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7?

[10] Vakulchuk, Roman; Kyaw Kyaw Hlaing; Edward Ziwa Naing; Indra Overland; Beni Suryadi and Sanjayan Velautham (2017). Myanmar's Attractiveness for Investment in the Energy Sector. A Comparative International Perspective. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies (MISIS) Report. p. 8.

[IncomeGap-11] Eleven Media? "Income Gap 'world's widest'"? The Nation? 4 September 2013? 23 July 2022 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 15 September 2014?
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